In Space Infrastructure, Living in Space, Space Settlement

Space habitation report – Dec.5.2025

Here is a new selection of videos, articles, and news items about space habitats (govt and commercial), living in space, and space settlement.

=== International Space Station & NASA

** The International Space Station marks 25 years of continuous crew | SpaceNews on Youtube

The International Space Station marked the 25th anniversary of continuous human presence amid questions about what will replace it and when.

See also The International Space Station Marks 25 Years of Continuous Human Presence | NASA – Dec.2.2025

** ISS parking spaces full: Space Station First: All Docking Ports Fully Occupied, 8 Spacecraft on Orbit | NASA – Dec.1.2025

For the first time in International Space Station history, all eight docking ports aboard the orbital outpost are occupied following the reinstallation of Northrop Grumman’s Cygnus XL cargo spacecraft to the Earth-facing port of the station’s Unity module. The eight spacecraft attached to the complex are: two SpaceX Dragons, Cygnus XL, JAXA’s (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) HTV-X1, two Roscosmos Soyuz crew spacecraft, and two Progress cargo ships.

This milestone follows the reattachment of the Cygnus XL spacecraft, supporting the Northrop Grumman-23 commercial resupply services mission for NASA, which was removed last week by the robotics officer at the agency’s Mission Control Center in Houston using the space station’s Canadarm2 robotic arm. The Cygnus XL movement was coordinated between NASA, Northrop Grumman, and Roscosmos to provide appropriate clearance for the arriving crewed Soyuz MS-28 spacecraft on Nov. 27.

Cygnus will remain attached to the orbiting laboratory until no earlier than March 2026, when it is scheduled to safely depart and dispose of up to 11,000 pounds of trash and unneeded cargo when it harmlessly burns up in Earth’s atmosphere.

A rendering of the ISS with visiting spacecraft filling all the available docking spots. Credits: NASA

** HTV-X1 launch  | SciNews

JAXA’s first HTV-X cargo transfer spacecraft (HTV-X1) was launched by the seventh H3 Launch Vehicle (H3-24W / H3 F7) from the Yoshinobu Launch Complex, Tanegashima Space Center, Japan, on 26 October 2025, at 00:00:15 UTC (09:00:15 JST). Credit: JAXA

See also JAXA’s HTV-X1 launched to ISS aboard H3 Rocket | NASASpaceFlight.com – Oct.25.2025

** NASA Astronaut Jonny Kim Advances Research Aboard Space Station | NASA Johnson

NASA astronaut Jonny Kim is wrapping up his first mission aboard the International Space Station in early December. During his stay, Kim conducted scientific experiments and technology demonstrations to benefit humanity on Earth and advance NASA’s Artemis campaign in preparation for future human missions to Mars. Take a look at some of the science Kim completed during his mission: https://go.nasa.gov/4atrCZb

** Astronaut Discuss Life In Space With The Washington Post’s Global Summit Thursday, November 20, 2025  | NASA Video

Aboard the International Space Station, NASA astronaut Zena Cardman discussed life and work aboard the orbital outpost during an in-flight interview Nov. 20 with attendees of the Washington Post’s Global Women’s Summit Meeting. Cardman is in the midst of a long-duration mission aboard the microgravity laboratory to advance scientific knowledge and demonstrate new technologies for future human and robotic exploration flights as part of NASA’s Moon and Mars exploration approach, including lunar missions through NASA’s Artemis program.

=== Commercial space habitats

** Axiom Space

— Habitat window view:

— Axiom and Elevation Space to develop systems and techniques for sending and returning payloads to and from the Axiom space station: Axiom Space, ElevationSpace Sign Agreement to Assess High-Frequency Re-Entry and Recovery Services | Axiom Space – Oct.30.2025

Axiom Space, a leader in human spaceflight services and developer of era-defining space infrastructure, and ElevationSpace Inc., a pioneering Japanese startup specializing in space environment utilization and recovery platforms, have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to explore collaborative opportunities in high-frequency re-entry and recovery services for commercial space stations.

This strategic partnership aims to leverage the strengths of both companies to enhance the capabilities of orbital infrastructure, including the future Axiom Station. The collaboration will focus on technology demonstrations involving ElevationSpace’s ELS-RS payload handling and re-entry/recovery systems, which are designed to optimize operations in low-Earth orbit and beyond. The ELS-RS system once complete, will provide capabilities to store scientific data/payloads under controlled conditions and return them quickly and safely to an exact, specified location on the planet. This will enable Axiom Space to deliver important research to our customers and partners with increased speed and flexibility.

— Axiom and Resonac to study semiconductor manufacturing in microgravity on the Axiom station : Axiom Space and Resonac Sign MOU to Advance Space-Based Semiconductor Manufacturing | Axiom Space – Oct.1.2025

Axiom Space, a leader in commercial space infrastructure, and Resonac Corporation (“Resonac”), a leading provider of cutting-edge materials solutions in the semiconductor industry, have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to collaborate on the research, development and manufacturing of high-performance semiconductor materials in the environment of space. This collaboration paves the way toward leveraging microgravity to advance next-generation chip technologies and accelerate the in-space manufacturing market.

“The unique environment of space offers immense potential for advancing semiconductor materials, especially in crystal growth,” said Masato Fukushima, Resonac Chief Technology Officer. “Partnering with Axiom Space, we aim to accelerate experiments and drive innovation in materials, fostering industrial growth and societal progress.”

— Habitat window glass testing

— Windows and shutters for the Axiom station:

** Starlab – Voyager Technologies

— Interview with Dylan Taylor,  CEO of Voyager: Space CEO explains why he believes private space stations are a viable business | Ars Technica – Dec.1.2025

… Time is running out for NASA if it wants to establish continuity from the International Space Station, which will reach its end of life in 2030, with a follow-on station ready to go before then.

One of the more intriguing companies in the competition is Voyager Technologies, which recently announced a strategic investment from Janus Henderson, a global investment firm. In another sign that the competition is heating up, Voyager also just hired John Baum away from Vast, where he was the company’s business development leader.

To get a sense of this competition and how Voyager is coming along with its Starlab space station project, Ars spoke with the firm’s chairman, Dylan Taylor….

— Habitat airlock

— Cybersecurity audit passed

— Reimagining Space Stations for the Commercial Age | SpaceNews on Youtube

In this episode of Space Minds, host Mike Gruss sits down with Marshall Smith, CEO of Starlab Space for a fireside chat at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg Center, the next installment of the Center’s Discovery Series.

In the fireside chat, they explored how today’s commercial space pioneers are turning concepts once rooted in science fiction into operational reality.

Smith reflects on his path from NASA engineer to leading the development of a next-generation commercial space station—one designed for science, manufacturing, and a future where private industry drives a sustainable economy in low Earth orbit. From market demand to design philosophy to the race toward a 2029 launch, Smith explains why he believes continuous human presence in space is essential, and how innovations in microgravity research and AI-driven operations could redefine what’s possible both on orbit and on Earth.

— Leidos Inc to provide assistance in assembly, integration, and testing of Starlab station: Starlab Names Leidos as Primary Assembly, Integration and Testing Provider | Starlab – Nov.5.2025

— Preliminary design review (PDR) of subsystems:

— Starlab conference: Starlab European User Conference – Berlin, Germany – Oct.20-22.2025

The inaugural Starlab European User Conference brings together industry professionals, Space Agency representatives, policy makers and researchers to explore how the Low-Earth Orbit and microgravity environment can be leveraged for high-impact research and the development of new products and technologies.

Attendees will learn about the latest advances in human space exploration and explore how Starlab’s cutting-edge capabilities will enable groundbreaking research in fields such as materials science, biotechnology, and Earth observation. The event offers a unique platform for networking, collaboration, and learning, featuring keynote speeches, panel discussions and workshops.

** VAST

— MOUs signed with two countries:

— Docking adapter milestone:

— Food systems development:

— VAST launches 500 kg Haven Demo spacecraft to test technologies for Haven-1 space station: Vast completes Haven-1 structural testing, launches pathfinder mission | NASASpaceFlight.com – Nov.3.2025

— Meanwhile, Haven-1 construction and testing continues:

— Vast: American-made space stations | VAST Youtube

The final weld of Haven-1’s primary structure marks the completion of the first space station flight article to be built and manufactured in the US in over 20 years. It’s the third major structure that Vast has completed in two years.

— How Vast plans to keep humanity in orbit | SpaceNews

In this episode of Space Minds, host David Ariosto speaks with Max Haot, CEO of Vast, the ambitious aerospace company based in Long Beach, California, one of a very companies few working diligently towards the first commercial space station.

Just days after the successful launch of Vast’s pathfinder mission, Haot shares what it was like to see their Haven demo spacecraft come to life in orbit — from tense moments in the control room to the triumph of first contact. We talk about their next big step, Haven-1, set to become one of the first privately built, human-rated orbital habitat, and how Vast plans to ensure a seamless transition from the International Space Station to a new era of commercial space infrastructure. Haot also discusses safety, competition, and the future business of living and working in low Earth orbit — all part of Vast’s vision to make space permanently accessible.

…

Time Markers
00:00 – Episode introduction
00:33 – Welcome Max
00:45 – A big week
05:03 – Industry superstitions
05:52 – Purpose of the Haven demo mission
08:30 – Haven demo described (with on-orbit video)
10:14 – What is Haven-1
10:33 – Dragon spacecraft and Haven-1
13:17 – Safety and business pressures
20:25 – NASA collaboration and commercial balance
21:11 – Haven-2, Falcon Heavy and Starship
22:48 – Competition and the race for first
27:58 – Business model and customers

=== Chinese space habitats

** The Shenzhou-20 crew capsule  suffered a debris impact in early November while docked to China’s Tiangong space station. This led to the Shenzhou-20 astronauts  returning on the capsule that had brought the Shenzhou-21 crew to the station. A new capsule was subsequently sent uncrewed to the Tiangong station to use for the eventual return of the the Shenzhou-21 crew. The damaged capsule will be returned uncrewed.

— Shenzhou 21 Completes Record 13-Day Mission, Rescues Crew from Tiangong Space Station |  CNSA Watcher

— Shenzhou-21 spacecraft lands on Earth after 204-day space mission |  CNSA Watcher

The Shenzhou-21 manned spacecraft successfully returned to Earth on November 14, 2025. Astronauts Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie safely exited the spacecraft in good health after a 204-day space journey. Congratulations to them on setting a new record for the longest individual stay in orbit by Chinese astronauts.

** Shenzhou-21 docking | SciNews

The Shenzhou-21 crew spacecraft autonomously docked to the forward port of the Tianhe Core Module (天和核心舱) on 31 October 2025, at 19:22 UTC (1 November, at 03:22 China Standard Time). Shenzhou-21 (神舟二十一) is the tenth crew of three astronauts on a mission to the China Space Station (中国空间站): Zhang Lu (张陆, commander), Wu Fei (武飞) and Zhang Hong Zhang (张洪章).
Credit: China National Space Administration (CNSA)/China Central Television (CCTV)
Shenzhou-21 docking

** Shenzhou-21 hatch opening | SciNews

The Shenzhou-21 crew entered the Tianhe Core Module (天和核心舱) on 31 October 2025, at 20:58 UTC (1 November, at 04:58 China Standard Time). Shenzhou-21 (神舟二十一) is the tenth crew of three astronauts on a mission to the China Space Station (中国空间站): Zhang Lu (张陆, commander), Wu Fei (武飞) and Zhang Hong Zhang (张洪章).
Credit: China National Space Administration (CNSA)/China Central Television (CCTV) Shenzhou-21 hatch opening,

** Shenzhou-20 and Shenzhou-21 crews are grilling chicken wings in Tiangong space station.  | CNSA Watcher – Archives

Wow, the Shenzhou-20 and Shenzhou-21 crews are grilling chicken wings in the space station, according to a video on China Aerospace’s Weibo account.

=== In-space habitation

** Joe Carroll talks spin and artificial gravity. Joe made a special presentation to this program that you will want to see. – The Space Show, Tuesday, Oct. 14, 2025

Read on Substack

=== Lunar habitation

** Another Burst in the Books: Inflatable Habitat Test | Lockheed-Martin on Youtube

We recently conducted our fourth inflatable habitat burst test in Littleton, Colorado—this time featuring a new penetration plate, an opening that could one day serve as a window or hatch for an astronaut.

The test reached 267 psi—over five times its design pressure—demonstrating the strength and reliability of our inflatable habitat technology.

As humanity moves closer to returning to the Moon through NASA’s Artemis program, we are advancing technologies that will enable astronauts to live and work safely in space, paving the way for a sustainable lunar economy and beyond.

See also:

** International Lunar program sustainability: ISS lessons learned as applied for Lunar exploration | Space Renaissance

Abstract:
The International space station program is a humanity’s achievement from many different perspectives.
15 nations are united together to design, construct and operate the in-orbit technical and scientific facility with permanent human presence for 25 years (38 years taking into account previous orbital station – MIR).
Now we’re at the stage when we’re aiming to keep our LEO capabilities and at the same time to make a next step – to establish peaceful research and exploration of the Moon and Cis-Lunar space.
The subject of the lecture is to highlight the perspectives of Lunar exploration as an international endeavor and to show how technical and programmatic principles of the ISS program will help to provide necessary sustainability of the International Lunar program.

Bio:
Dmitry Zarubin, Engineering Fellow Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Key responsibilities are Systems Engineering and Project Management in Lunar Exploration. Previously Dmitry was a part of the ISS Roscosmos and RSC Energia managment team, participant and a co-chair of several ISS and Lunar Gateway technical teams. Dmitry is a member of the IAF Space Exploration and Human Space Flight Committees. Founding member of the IDSEA (International Deep Space Exploration Association, China). An expert for COPUOS Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation (ATLAC).

=== Settlement

** SRIC4 #04: “The Civilization Survival Scale and Space Settlement” | Space Renaissance

Abstract:
The Civilization Survival Scale provides a powerful argument based in evolutionary biology for human expansion into space. It recognizes that the survival of a civilization, as the survival of a species, is dependent on its ability to adapt highly diverse and changing habits. Unlike the very popular Kardashev Scale, which is built around ever greater energy consumption, the Civilization Survival Scale is based firmly on the principles of evolutionary biology. It recognizes that the survival of human civilization lies in replacing the brute force approach of the Kardashev Scale with a scientific approach based on acquiring the technology and knowledge to adapt to diverse habitats.
The technology we develop to build communities in diverse habitats throughout the Solar System will expand our ability to thrive in diverse environments here on Earth. Rather than abandoning the Earth, the Civilization Survival Scale demonstrates how humanity expanding into the Solar System and beyond enhances the survivability and quality of life for humans on Earth. The advanced food production systems required to sustain communities in space will enable farming on Earth to become more resilient to environmental disruptions while expanding it to new environments. Similarly, recycling technology developed by communities in space will be used to reduce the environmental impact of communities on Earth. The Civilization Survival Scale provides a solid scientific foundation for justifying our need to evolve into a spacefaring society. It illustrates that the best hope of humanity surviving into the future is to become a Level 2 Civilization on the Civilization Survival Scale by developing the technology to multiple habitats in our solar system.

An essential Bio:
Thomas L. Matula, Ph.D. is a Professor of Business Administration at Sul Ross State University in Texas and holds a Ph.D. in Business Administration from New Mexico State University. Sul Ross State University is now offering an MBA in Space Commerce. This is an excerpt from a book in progress: Astrosettlement: An Evolutionary Strategy for Space Settlement..

** LivingInSpace Workshop 13.11.2025 | Space Renaissance

The Living in Space Workshop was organized by ACES Worldwide and Space Renaissance International (SRI), with the support of 14 organizations, including The Alliance for Collaboration in the Exploration of Space (ACES Worldwide); Space Renaissance International (SRI); the National Space Society (NSS); the Moon Village Association (MVA); the International Moonbase Alliance (IMA), The Space Development Foundation Inc. (SDF); The Mars Society; Life to and Beyond; For All Moonkind; the Lifeboat Foundation; Space and Satellite Professionals International; the Alternatively Planetary Futures Institute, and Innova Space.

The following presentations were given:
• Joseph Pelton (US) Chair of ACES Worldwide “Introduction of Living-in-Space Initiatives and Plans for Future and 14 Alliance members”
• Adriano V. Autino (ITALY) Space Renaissance International (SRI) CEO & Founder “SRI IV World Congress and Registration Information”
• Armen Papazian (UK) Economist and Author (UK & UAE) “The Monetization of Space”
• Werner Grandl (AUSTRIA) SRI Board, Chair on Space Habitats Committee, Architect (Austria) “The Simulation of Gravity in Rotating Space Habitats”
• Bernard Foing (NETHERLAND) SRI President, LUNEX Chair, Retired ESA Scientist “Space for All”
• Susan Jewell (US) MD, SRI Board, CEO of Mars-Moon Astronautics Academy and Research Science (MMAARS) “Integrative Space Health, Agentic AI and Precision Medicine”
• Peter Swan (US) Chief Architect, International Space Elevator Consortium “Modern-Day Space Elevators, as Permanent Space Transportation Infrastructures and how they will open up Space!”
• Frank White (US) author of The Overview Effect: Space Exploration and Human Evolution “Advances in Rockets and Robots”
• Upasana Desgupta (INDIA) Assoc. Prof. of Space Law, India, ACES WW Vice Chair “Space Policy & Regulation for Deep Space Exploration, Development & Settlements”
• Thais Russomanno (BRAZIL, UK) MD. CEO of Innova Space “Latest Advances in Space Medical Research”
• James Green (US) Former Chief Scientist of NASA “Space Shields to Terraform Mars”
• Luigina Feretti (ITALY) SRI, Former Director of Istituto di Radioastronomia (INAF) “Protection from solar and cosmic radiations: state of the art “
• Eric Dahlstrom (NZ) co-founder of Space institute of NZ and Vatasala Khetawat (INDIA) “Advances in Nuclear Fusion Space Transportation Systems and their Safey for Deep Space Missions”
• Adriano V. Autino (ITALY) SRI CEO & Founder “Living and Working in Free-Space: a Choice of Freedom!”
• Joseph Pelton (US) Chair of ACES Worldwide “Living in Space Workshop conclusions”

** Railroad to Mars, with Halen Mattison (CEO of General Galactic) | Arkaea Media Group

Halen Mattison left SpaceX because Elon told him his vision was too long-term. He wanted to build the propellant infrastructure that would unlock Mars and everything between here and there, but the timeline didn’t fit SpaceX’s roadmap. So he started General Galactic to do it himself.

His team is developing Genesis, a water electrolysis propulsion system that delivers hydrazine-level thrust and xenon-level efficiency using the safest, cheapest, most abundant propellant in the solar system. The company is targeting an orbital demonstration in 2026, with a long-term vision to operate refueling depots from LEO to Mars.

Inside the episode:
• Why the space industry’s fear of new technology is creating a sitting-duck opportunity
• How water electrolysis unlocks both near-term mobility services and long-term ISRU infrastructure
• What “specific impulse” actually means for mission economics and why it matters more than people think
• The Starship refueling challenge and why cryogenic propellant depots will work at scale
• Sequencing from mobility-as-a-service to lunar fuel production to gas stations on Mars
• Why consensus-following investors miss the most ambitious bets and how to tell the contrarian story

=== Other space habitat and settlement news and articles:

=== Earth views from ISS

** This Week in Orbit | 4K Earth Views from Space (Nov 20–26, 2025) | Sen

Take a peaceful break above the world. This week’s episode brings you more mesmerising 4K views of Earth from Sen’s cameras aboard the International Space Station — captured between 20–26 November 2025.

Float over cities, coastlines, storms, mountains and oceans and create a calming, inspiring orbit around our planet. Perfect for relaxation, studying, focus, mindfulness, sleep, or simply reconnecting with the beauty of Earth.

** Live Video from the International Space Station (Official NASA Stream) | NASA

Watch live video from the International Space Station, including inside views when the crew aboard the space station is on duty. Views of Earth are also streamed from an external camera located outside of the space station. During periods of signal loss due to handover between communications satellites, a blue screen is displayed.

The space station orbits Earth about 250 miles (425 kilometers) above the surface. An international partnership of five space agencies from 15 countries operates the station, and it has been continuously occupied since November 2000. It’s a microgravity laboratory where science, research, and human innovation make way for new technologies and research breakthroughs not possible on Earth. More: https://go.nasa.gov/3CkVtC8

Did you know you can spot the station without a telescope? It looks like a fast-moving star, but you have to know when to look up. Sign up for text messages or email alerts to let you know when (and where) to spot the station and wave to the crew: https://spotthestation.nasa.gov

====

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ISS after undocking of STS-132

=== Amazon Ads ===

Lego Ideas International Space Station
Toy Blocks, Present, Space, Boys, Girls, Ages 16 and Up

====

Outpost in Orbit:
A Pictorial & Verbal History of the Space Station

Astronomy, Education, Space participation

Night sky highlights for December 2025

Check out the night sky this month, December 2025. Here are videos and links to websites highlighting the top sights to observe.

** What’s Up: December 2025 Skywatching Tips from NASA | NASA JPL

What are some skywatching highlights in December 2025?

The 3I/ATLAS comet makes its closest approach to Earth, the Geminid meteor shower sparkles across the sky, and the Moon and Jupiter get close for a conjunction.

0:00 Intro
0:13 3I/ATLAS
1:24 Geminid meteor shower
1:57 Moon + Jupiter conjunction
2:31 December Moon phases

Additional information about topics covered in this episode of What’s Up, along with still images from the video, and the video transcript, are available at https://science.nasa.gov/skywatching/whats-up/.

Moon phases for December 2025. Credits: NASA JPL

** What’s in the night sky this Christmas? Stargazing, December 2025 | BBC Sky at Night Magazine

Pete Lawrence and Paul Abel reveal the best things to see in the night sky this month.

** Sky & Telescope’s Sky Tour Podcast – December 2025 | Sky & Telescope Youtube

During December you can watch for some impressive shooting stars and spend some time with the “Demon Star,” which can’t decide how bright it wants to be. Bundle up, grab your curiosity, and head outdoors for this month’s fun and informative Sky Tour podcast!

See also

** The Night Sky | December 2025 | Geminid Meteor Shower | Comet 24P/Schaumasse | Late Night Astronomy

The Geminid Meteor Shower peaks and we take a look at some comets moving through our solar system.

…

Timestamps:
0:00 Geminids Meteor Shower
1:10 Ursids Meteor Shower
1:27 The Moon
2:03 The Planets
3:54 Comet 210P/Christensen
4:20 Comet 24P/Schaumasse
4:44 The Orion Nebula

** What’s in the Sky this Month | December 2025 | High Point Scientific on Youtube

In this episode of What’s in the Sky this Month, Teagan reviews some of the beautiful celestial objects you can see in December!

Read the full December 2025 Newsletter: https://www.highpointscientific.com/a…

…

Chapters
00:00 – Introduction
00:36 – Nearest Neighbors
01:52 – Geminid Meteor Shower
03:03 – Orion Nebula
04:04 – The Hyades
04:32 – The Pleiades
05:40 – Messier 35
06:15 – Conclusion

** Night Sky Notebook December 2025 | Peter Detterline

** See also:

=== Amazon Ads ===

Celestron
70mm Travel Scope
Portable Refractor Telescope
Fully-Coated Glass Optics
Ideal Telescope for Beginners
BONUS Astronomy Software Package

—- Books —

Stellaris: People of the Stars

Astronomy, Education, Space participation

Night sky highlights for November 2025

Check out the night sky this month, November 2025. Here are videos and links to websites highlighting astronomical sights to see.

[ Update Nov.6.2025:

** What’s in the night sky, November 2025 | BBC Sky at Night Magazine

Astronomers Pete Lawrence and Paul Abel reveal the best things to see in the night sky this month.

]

** Sky & Telescope’s Sky Tour Podcast – November 2025 | Sky & Telescope Youtube

In this month’s Sky Tour astronomy podcast, we’ll watch two sets of shooting stars, spot some bright planets, point out a few late-autumn constellations, and put a spotlight on five fascinating stars.

See also

** The Night Sky | November 2025 | The Northern Lights | Aurora Borealis | Late Night Astronomy

The Night Sky | November 2025 | Comet Lemmon | Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS | Leonids Meteor Shower

** What’s in the Sky this Month | November 2025 | High Point Scientific on Youtube

In this episode of What’s in the Sky this Month, Teagan reviews some of the beautiful celestial objects you can see in November!

Read the full November 2025 Newsletter: https://www.highpointscientific.com/a…

…

Chapters
00:00 – Introduction
00:35 – The Double Cluster
01:31 – Messier 33
02:28 – Nearest Neighbors
03:57 – Saturn’s Rings Disappear
04:44 – Uranus & Messier 45
05:22 – Leonid Meteor Shower
05:59 – Conclusion

** Night Sky Notebook November 2025 | Peter Detterline

What is happening in the sky for the month of November 2025.

** November 2025 Sky Events: Biggest Supermoon, Meteor Showers & Planetary Wonders | Cosmic Explorer

Get ready to explore the night sky in November 2025! From the biggest Supermoon of the year on November 5 to the Southern and Northern Taurid meteor showers, the Leonids, and close encounters of the Moon with Saturn, Jupiter, and Neptune, this month is packed with celestial wonders.

Whether you’re a stargazer or astronomy enthusiast, don’t miss these amazing November sky events!
Watch the skies, grab your binoculars or telescope, and enjoy the cosmic show!

** See also:

=== Amazon Ads ===

Celestron
70mm Travel Scope
Portable Refractor Telescope
Fully-Coated Glass Optics
Ideal Telescope for Beginners
BONUS Astronomy Software Package

—- Books —

Stellaris: People of the Stars

In Space Infrastructure, Living in Space, Space Settlement

Space habitation report – Oct.2.2025

Here is a new selection of videos, articles, and news items about space habitats (govt and commercial), living in space, and space settlement.

=== International Space Station & NASA

** Cygnus XL Cargo Craft Installed on Station’s Unity Module | NASA – Sept.18.2025

Northrop Grumman’s new Cygnus XL spacecraft has been installed to the International Space Station. The mission is known as NASA’s Northrop Grumman Commercial Resupply Services 23, or Northrop Grumman CRS-23.

Filled with more than 11,000 pounds of research and supplies, the Northrop Grumman Cygnus XL spacecraft, carried on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, launched at 6:11 p.m. EDT on Sept. 14, from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. This mission will be the first flight of the Cygnus XL, the larger, more cargo-capable version of the company’s solar-powered spacecraft.

Cygnus will remain at the space station until spring when it departs the orbiting laboratory at which point it will dispose of several thousand pounds of debris through its re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere where it will harmlessly burn up.

Artwork showing the array of vehicles docked to the ISS as of Sept.17.2025. Credits: NASA

**  NASA Astronauts Discuss Life In Space Fast Company Innovation Festival Attendees– Tuesday, 9/16/2025 | NASA Video

Aboard the International Space Station, NASA astronauts Jonny Kim and Zena Cardman discussed life and work aboard the orbital outpost during an in-flight interview Sept. 16 with attendees of the Fast Company Innovation Festival in New York. Kim and Cardman are in the midst of a long-duration mission aboard the microgravity laboratory to advance scientific knowledge and demonstrate new technologies for future human and robotic exploration flights as part of NASA’s Moon and Mars exploration approach, including lunar missions through NASA’s Artemis program. 

** NASA Astronauts Discuss Life In Space With Fox News “America’s Headquarters And Bill Hemmer”- 9/3/25 | NASA Video

Aboard the International Space Station, Expedition 73 flight engineers Zena Cardman, Mike Fincke and Jonny Kim of NASA discussed life and work aboard the orbital outpost during an in-flight interview Sept. 3 with Fox News’ “America’s Headquarters and Bill Hemmer to discuss the White House’s “Make America Healthy Again” agenda. The trio are in the midst of a long-duration mission living and working aboard the microgravity laboratory to advance scientific knowledge and demonstrate new technologies for future human and robotic exploration flights as part of NASA’s Moon and Mars exploration approach, including lunar missions through NASA’s Artemis program.

** Astronaut Discusses Life In Space With Simon Sinek Podcast – Thursday, July 17, 2025 | NASA Video

Aboard the International Space Station, Expedition 73 flight engineer Jonny Kim of NASA discussed life and work aboard the orbital outpost during an in-flight interview July 17 with the Simon Sinek podcast. Kim is in the midst of a long-duration mission living and working aboard the microgravity laboratory to advance scientific knowledge and demonstrate new technologies for future human and robotic exploration flights as part of NASA’s Moon and Mars exploration approach, including lunar missions through NASA’s Artemis program.

** New Cygnus XL cargo ship captured by space station’s robotic arm after thruster issue | VideoFromSpace

Northrop Grumman’s ‘Cygnus XL’ cargo spacecraft was captured by the International Space Station’s robotic on Sept. 18. 2025. The cargo ship suffered a thruster issue the day prior that delayed the docking.

** ISS National Lab Research Overview: Northrop Grumman CRS-23  | ISS National Lab

The International Space Station National Lab is sponsoring more than 15 payloads launching on NASA’s Northrop Grumman Commercial Resupply Services 23 mission via a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. In this video, learn more about some of those investigations seeking to bring value to humanity through space-based research and drive business models in low Earth orbit.

** Lynn Harper Interview | The Space Show – Sept.21.2025

We started our program by introducing our guest of honor, Lynn Harper, Strategic Integration Advisor to ISS National Lab and InSPA. Space show program participants were also introduced including Marshall Martin, John Hunt, John Jossy, Dr. Ajay Kothari and Dr. Phil Swan. Lynn shared her slides on ISS results from 2022-2024, which were later accessible to all participants through chat. In addition, the link to her slides and to other relevant material to this discussion can be found at the end of this summary. All of us discussed the potential for career growth in space-based microgravity medicine, with Lynn highlighting exceptional results from 2024. Check out the chat window in the video for additional links to relevant items of interest. Once again I announced an upcoming live presentation of AJ’s art show in Fairfax, Virginia, scheduled for Tuesday at 12:30 PM Pacific time.

Ms. Harper discussed the advancements in microgravity and space-assisted medical research, highlighting significant breakthroughs in disease modeling and drug development. She explained how microgravity has accelerated research in areas such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, and other diseases, with examples like Merck reformulating its cancer drug Keytruda to enable injectable administration due to uniform crystal growth in space. The potential economic impact of these advancements is substantial, with projections of $40 billion in annual revenue by 2030. Lynn also emphasized the need for more space research capacity, as demand far exceeds current availability, particularly for personalized drug testing, and she discussed the role of commercial space providers in meeting this demand. As you will hear later in the discussion, it also sparked talk about extending the life of the ISS to do this important research and work.

…

More micro-gravity science:

=== Commercial space habitats

** Axiom Space

— What Comes Next? | Axiom Space Youtube

Premiering at IAC 2025 in Sydney, Australia, “What Comes Next” showcases Axiom Space’s vision to transcend Earth by building era-defining space infrastructure that drives exploration and fuels a vibrant space economy for the benefit of every human everywhere. Tune in to watch our short film to learn more about how we are building what comes next for low-Earth orbit. #AxiomStation

— Recent developments:

Axiom Space, a leader in commercial space infrastructure, and Resonac Corporation (“Resonac”), a leading provider of cutting-edge materials solutions in the semiconductor industry, have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to collaborate on the research, development and manufacturing of high-performance semiconductor materials in the environment of space. This collaboration paves the way toward leveraging microgravity to advance next-generation chip technologies and accelerate the in-space manufacturing market.

“The unique environment of space offers immense potential for advancing semiconductor materials, especially in crystal growth,” said Masato Fukushima, Resonac Chief Technology Officer. “Partnering with Axiom Space, we aim to accelerate experiments and drive innovation in materials, fostering industrial growth and societal progress.”

Redwire Corporation (NYSE: RDW), a global leader in space and defense technology solutions, today announced it has been awarded a contract from Axiom Space, a leader in commercial space infrastructure, to develop and deliver roll-out solar array (ROSA) wings for Axiom Station’s Payload Power Thermal Module (AxPPTM)—the first module for the company’s commercial space station.

“As a market leader for space power solutions, Redwire is proud to be selected as a strategic supplier to deliver ROSAs for Axiom Space’s first space station module,” said Mike Gold, Redwire President of Civil and International Space. “As NASA and industry take the next steps to build out commercial space stations to maintain U.S. leadership in low-Earth orbit (LEO), Redwire continues to be the partner of choice enabling critical capabilities to ensure on-orbit success.”

Axiom Space plans to attach its AxPPTM to the International Space Station as the first module in its assembly sequence followed by Habitat 1 (AxH1), an airlock, Habitat 2 (AxH2), and finally the Research and Manufacturing Facility (AxRMF). After the launch and berthing of AxPPTM to the International Space Station, the module will separate and rendezvous with AxH1 on orbit resulting in Axiom Station’s independent operational capability. This approach enables the two-module station to become a free-flyer as early as 2028 and an independent four-module station by 2030, ensuring a continuous U.S. human presence in LEO after the International Space Station retires. The Axiom Station development plan aligns with U.S. objectives and preserves critical capabilities currently utilized on the International Space Station. AxPPTM is anticipated to launch toward the end of 2027.

Today, at the 2025 International Astronautical Congress, Axiom Space, a global leader in commercial human spaceflight and space infrastructure, announced Emiliano Ventura as its first-ever “Project Astronaut.”

Emiliano, a Portuguese physiologist, has developed a unique relationship with Axiom Space, having supported several crewmembers as their physiologist both before and immediately after their missions aboard the International Space Station. He now seeks to apply his expertise in optimizing human performance, honed through years of working with elite athletes, to a new “pilot program” aimed at testing a rigorous six-month astronaut training protocol. His goal is to participate in a future mission and explore, with scientific depth and curiosity, how the human body adapts to microgravity, contributing fresh insights to the current body of research in space physiology.

The training plan, tailored to Emiliano’s performance research, includes reduced gravity (parabolic flight), centrifuge, altitude chamber, expeditionary skills, outdoor leadership, high-performance jet aircraft, underwater helicopter escape, cargo/payloads, biomedical, and spacesuit operations training.

Axiom Space and Spacebilt Inc. announced today a multi-organization collaboration to bring optically-interconnected orbital datacenter (ODC) infrastructure to the International Space Station (ISS) in 2027.

The Axiom Orbital Data Center Node on the International Space Station, (AxODC Node ISS), developed under a collaboration agreement with Spacebilt, and supported with an Optical Communication Terminal (OCT) by Skyloom, and hardware by Phison Electronics and Microchip Technology, will establish an optically interconnected, high-performance ODC node aboard the station enabling satellites, other spacecraft in low-Earth orbit (LEO), and astronauts and researchers to store and process data, and run Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) workloads and other cloud computing applications. This evolution builds upon the achievement of launching the Axiom Data Center Unit One (AxDCU-1) to the space station in August, a progressive step in Axiom Space’s initiative to continue the proliferation of ODC nodes, and in alignment with the announcement in April by Axiom Space to launch AxODC Nodes 1 and 2 NET late 2025.

— Thruster tests:

— Ax-4 Mission | Future Female Astronaut Q&A with Peggy Whitson | Axiom Space Youtube

Ax-4 Commander Peggy Whitson led an insightful on-orbit event that brought together an inspiring group of women shaping the future of space exploration. Representing Mexico, Spain, Germany, and the United Kingdom, these women are aspiring or current astronauts representing the growing global presence of women in human spaceflight. Their conversation explored themes of leadership, empowerment, and purpose, highlighting how diverse backgrounds and bold ambitions are redefining what it means to lead beyond Earth.

Partciapants:
Mexico- Katya Echazaretta, Electrical Engineer, Citizen
Astronaut
Spain- Sara Garcia Alonso, Spanish Astronaut Scientist
Germany- Amelie Schoenenwald, Reserve Astronaut, European Space Agency
UK- Meganne Christian, Reserve Astronaut and Commercial Exploration Lead, UK Space Agency; Reserve Astronaut, European Space Agency

** Gravitics

— Materials testing in space:

** Starlab – Voyager Technologies

—  Starlab partners with Belgium-based Space Applications Services:  Starlab Adds Space Applications Services as Strategic Partner, Equity Owner in Joint Venture | Starlab – Oct.1.2025

Starlab Space LLC at the 76th International Astronautical Congress today announced that Space Applications Services, a Belgium-based leader in space engineering and payload integration, has joined the company as a joint venture partner and investor. The partnership expands Starlab’s global footprint and extends the capabilities available to Starlab customers.

SpaceApps contributes deep experience in space systems, mission operations and payload integration with capabilities that include avionics, payload development, the end-to-end International Commercial Experiment Cubes (ICECubes) service, as well as mission integration and operations control software. The company also works closely with the European Space Agency and international partners, broadening Starlab’s access to global markets and research communities.

“Adding SpaceApps as both an investor and partner proves we’re rapidly moving from design to reality,” said Marshall Smith, CEO of Starlab. “With additional capital and expertise from international partners, we’re not just building the most advanced commercial space station and offering our customers exceptional capabilities, we’re accelerating scientific discovery and defining the next era of space exploration.”

The partnership will also include collaboration on SpaceApps’s Space Innovation Laboratories currently under development across Europe. These ground-based facilities will provide expanded microgravity research access for universities and industry partners, helping to build the research community and scientific payload pipeline for Starlab’s orbital laboratory.

— Rendezvous demo

—  Progress at Starlab: NASA Sees Key Progress on Starlab Commercial Space Station | NASA – July.16 .2025

As NASA continues its transition toward a commercial low Earth orbit marketplace, an agency-supported commercial space station, Starlab, recently completed five development and design milestones. Starlab’s planned design consists of a service module and a habitat that will be launched to orbit on a single flight.

The milestones, part of a NASA Space Act Agreement awarded in 2021, focused on reviews of Starlab’s preliminary design and safety, as well as spacecraft mockup and procurement plans. Each milestone provides NASA insight into the company’s development progress.

…

Starlab recently completed a preliminary design and safety review of its station’s architecture and systems. The company now will begin detailed design and hardware development, culminating in a critical design review later this year. Critical design reviews are an important step in a station’s development, assessing design maturity before proceeding with fabrication and assembly.

** VAST

** September 2025 update:

** IWC the Official Timekeeper of Vast | VAST Youtube

IWC has entered into a strategic engineering collaboration with Vast, the pioneering space habitation technology company, as “Official Timekeeper.” Vast is currently engineering and building Haven-1, the world’s first commercial space station. This partnership is a natural evolution of IWC’s heritage in aviation and Vast’s vision for the future of space exploration.

With a shared passion for innovation driven by scientific progress, this partnership aims to enhance the durability and performance of mechanical watches on Earth and push the boundaries of watchmaking in the environment of space.

** Haven-1: America’s Next Space Station is Fully Welded | VAST Youtube

Haven-1, the world’s first commercial space station and America’s next space station, is now fully welded and will soon begin testing ahead of integration.

** Power module testing

=== Chinese space habitats

** Shenzhou-20 Crew’s Thriving Space Garden and New Plant Experiments | CNSA Watcher – Archives

The upgraded space vegetable garden has reached a moment of harvest. Experiments, drills, tests, the Shenzhou-20 crew has had a busy week! Inside the Tianwen experimental module, the lettuce grown with efficient cultivation technology on the Tianzhou-9 is thriving. The Shenzhou-20 crew has now started a new round of cultivation. Guess what kind of plants they are growing this time!

Source: https://m.weibo.cn/status/Q4vr8z6eg

** Shenzhou 13 astronauts film in zero gravity for ‘Blue Planet Outside the Window’ documentary  | CNSA Watcher – Archives

Shenzhou 13 astronauts film in zero gravity, testing shots for ‘Blue Planet Outside the Window’! Wang Yaping, Ye Guangfu discuss using space cameras to capture Earth’s beauty outside the window, revealing how the details of Chinese astronauts’ first long-term stay in space are turned into a movie. #SpaceMovie Blue Planet Outside the Window now showing#, taking you to gaze back at the Blue Planet from a unique space perspective, feeling …

Source: https://m.weibo.cn/status/Q3i0Ux68U

** See also China Space Station Crew: Ongoing Experiments | Leonard David – Sept.15.2025

=== Lunar & Mars habitation

** Hotel Mars with Dr. Haym Benaroya on both lunar and Martian habitats. | The Space Show/Mars Hotel

John, David and Dr. Haym Benaroya discussed the progress and ongoing challenges of human exploration and habitation on the Moon and Mars. Since 2002, significant advancements have been made in data collection and our understanding of Martian and lunar environments. These improvements were contrasted with earlier speculative or fictional portrayals of space colonization. Professor Benaroya, a mechanical and aerospace engineering expert from Rutgers University, emphasized that while technological progress has been substantial, fundamental obstacles—such as low gravity and abrasive regolith—continue to pose major challenges for sustained human presence. …

** John Batchelor Hotel Mars with Dallas Bienhoff talking about Cislunar Space Development | The Space Show – Sept.10.2025

John Batchelor Hotel Mars with Dallas Bienhoff talking about Cislunar Space Development. by Dr. David M. Livingston

Broadcast 4426, Wednesday, Sept. 3, 2025

Read on Substack

=== Habitat and settlement technologies and strategies

**  Integrated In-Space Economy Model ver 1.0  | Phil Metzger on X – Sept.22.2025

After a huge effort for 3 weeks, the integrated In-Space Economy Model ver 1.0 is now working. It shows mind-blowing growth driven mostly by AI until it hits arbitrary caps. The vertical axis is Millions of $. This seems too high but let me break it down over a few posts ….

** How Do We Build Communities in Space? | National Space Society on Youtube

Space colonization isn’t just about engineering habitats—it’s about building communities. In this episode, we explore how people, culture, and shared purpose will shape humanity’s future in space.

** Living Off the Land in Space: The Power of ISRU | National Space Society on Youtube

To thrive beyond Earth, we’ll need more than rockets—we’ll need to live off the land. This episode explores In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU), the key to building sustainable colonies in space. From Moon dust to Martian ice, ISRU turns local materials into survival and success.

 

** Age of Beyond | Aze Alter

If humans & AI unite… we may reach the Age of Beyond….

Written, Directed & Edited By Aze Alter

Co-Produced By Nyukyung

** The Future of Space Infrastructure | SpaceNews

Space Minds speaks with Al Tadros of Redwire, to explore the future of space infrastructure.

…

From the growing role of private investment in orbit to breakthroughs in bioprinting and pharmaceuticals in microgravity, Tadros explains why this is one of the most exciting times in the history of space.

He also discusses the balance between civil, commercial, and national security missions, and how companies like Redwire are shaping the new economy beyond Earth. With decades of experience at the forefront of satellite and space systems, Tadros offers a unique perspective on where the industry is heading—and why the next era of exploration could be even more transformative than the Apollo years.

…

Time Markers
00:00 – Episode introduction
00:27 – Welcome
00:55 – What is space infrastructure?
03:19 – The cost to access space
06:05 – Consolidation effect
09:04 – Evolution of software
11:48 – Bioprinting
14:04 – Space to space economy
16:00 – Balancing civil, commercial and national security
20:01 – New space norms
24:34 – Al’s space journey

** NSS Space Forum – In Space For Earth: Breakthroughs in ISS In-Space Production Applications | National Space Society on Youtube

National Space Society Space Forum, September 18, 2025 – In Space for Earth: Breakthroughs in ISS In-Space Production Applications

[Featuring Lynn D. Harper, Strategic Integration Advisor to the International Space Station (ISS) National Laboratory, NASA]

The International Space Station (ISS) is more than a platform for exploration—it is the first National Laboratory beyond Earth, enabling pioneering research that delivers tangible benefits here at home. In recent years, the ISS National Lab and NASA’s InSpace Production Applications (InSPA) program have reported extraordinary results in microgravity manufacturing and biomedical research—many driven by small U.S. businesses and universities outside traditional aerospace states.

In this Space Forum, Lynn D. Harper—Strategic Integration Advisor to the ISS National Lab and NASA InSPA—will present highlights from a series of groundbreaking investigations. The InSPA portfolio helps U.S. innovators bridge technology’s “Valley of Death” (Technology Readiness Levels 5–9) by testing and validating concepts on the ISS. These efforts are paving the way for products that can ultimately be scaled on future commercial LEO destinations and free-flying platforms to serve markets on Earth.

By the end of 2024, the ISS National Lab and InSPA had demonstrated microgravity-driven advances across every level of matter—from quantum to human. Independent reviewers confirmed that space-based processes delivered disruptively superior products with higher yields and faster timelines than ever achieved on Earth. These breakthroughs show how in-space manufacturing could transform global high-tech industries and secure U.S. leadership in the industries of the future. Lynn shares how space innovation is redefining medicine, materials, and manufacturing—and why these results demand a new vision for low Earth orbit. ….

** SRICA4 #01: Island Zero: A practical gateway to large-scale space habitats – with Jerry Stone | Space Renaissance on Youtube

This is the preliminary webinar #01 of the IV SRI World Congress (SRIC4)
Abstract: In the 1970s, Gerard O’Neill developed plans for large space habitats. One that could house 10,000 people was a level of design known as “Island One”. This would be different from anything launched previously, as it would rotate to produce simulated gravity. Designs for space habitats have always assumed that they would operate under 1g. But do we need 1G? What about 0.9g, 0.8g or less? We’d need a much smaller structure first, to carry out the required medical research. This would also demonstrate the viability of some of the ideas behind space habitation, and later versions would house the personnel that will assemble the main structures. This initial unit is designated as “Island Zero”. Here is an opportunity to hear about this new development straight from the designer. “The most practical 1-g space station concept I have seen”

Bio: Jerry Stone is a Freelance Space Presenter; running Spaceflight UK and giving presentations on a range of topics on astronomy and space exploration all over the UK and abroad. Jerry is a fellow of the British Interplanetary Society and the Royal Astronomical Society, a member of the Board of the Space Renaissance International, and chair of the Space Habitats Committee. He has ran a project at the British Interplanetary Society, to re-examine and update the original space habitat studies. This became the SPACE Project – Study Project Advancing Colony Engineering, which also resulted in a new design for what we called “Island Zero”, as described above.

=== More resources

=== Earth views from ISS

** Tiangong TV: Capturing the Serene Beauty of Space | CNSA Watcher – Archives

The text result is: “Tiangong TV – Exiting the cabin, embracing the vast space! Looking out from the cabin door, the continuous sea of clouds is like a flowing scroll. The robotic arm outside the cabin rotates steadily, capturing the magnificent scene of the intertwining land and ocean, preserving this deep sense of tranquility and gentleness. (Some scenes are fast-forwarded) (Source: China Manned Space Engineering Office) Weibo video about dreaming in the sky”

Source: https://m.weibo.cn/status/Q1j4YcEXT

** Hurricane Erin Seen From International Space Station – 8-19-2025 | NASA Video

The International Space Station flew 260 miles over Hurricane Erin at 11:41 a.m. EDT Tuesday, Aug. 19, 2025. External cameras on the orbiting laboratory captured views of the hurricane as it traveled northwest through the Caribbean with maximum sustained wind speeds of 105 mph. Hurricane Erin is not expected to make landfall and is projected to move between the U.S. East coast and Bermuda before heading out into the Atlantic Ocean.

** Cities by the Bay | NASA – Aug.21.2025

A photo of California’s San Francisco Bay Area surrounded by the cities of San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose, and their suburbs on Aug. 3, 2025. Taken by NASA astronaut Nichole Ayers from the International Space Station 260 miles above the Golden State. Credits: NASA

** Huge upward shooting lightning sprite spotted from ISS:

** Live Video from the International Space Station (Official NASA Stream) | NASA

Watch live video from the International Space Station, including inside views when the crew aboard the space station is on duty. Views of Earth are also streamed from an external camera located outside of the space station. During periods of signal loss due to handover between communications satellites, a blue screen is displayed.

The space station orbits Earth about 250 miles (425 kilometers) above the surface. An international partnership of five space agencies from 15 countries operates the station, and it has been continuously occupied since November 2000. It’s a microgravity laboratory where science, research, and human innovation make way for new technologies and research breakthroughs not possible on Earth. More: https://go.nasa.gov/3CkVtC8

Did you know you can spot the station without a telescope? It looks like a fast-moving star, but you have to know when to look up. Sign up for text messages or email alerts to let you know when (and where) to spot the station and wave to the crew: https://spotthestation.nasa.gov

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ISS after undocking of STS-132

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Outpost in Orbit:
A Pictorial & Verbal History of the Space Station

Astronomy, Education, Space participation

Night sky highlights for October 2025

Check out the night sky this month, October 2025. Here are videos and links to websites highlighting the top sights to observe.

** What’s Up: October 2025 Skywatching Tips from NASA | NASA JPL

What are some skywatching highlights in October 2025?

A supermoon takes over the sky, the Draconid meteor shower peeks through, and the Orionid meteor shower shines bright.

0:00 Intro
0:13 Supermoon
0:51 International Observe the Moon Night
1:14 Draconid meteor shower
1:53 Orionid meteor shower
3:00 October Moon phases

Additional information about topics covered in this episode of What’s Up, along with still images from the video, and the video transcript, are available at https://science.nasa.gov/skywatching/whats-up/.

“Illustrated infographic showing the difference (as seen from Earth) between perigee, when a supermoon appears, and apogee, when a micromoon appears.” Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech

** Harvest Moon rises, Jupiter and Saturn at their best. What’s in the night sky, October 2025 | BBC Sky at Night Magazine

Find out how to see the biggest planets in the Solar System while they’re big and bright, and find out what makes the Harvest Moon so special.

** Sky & Telescope’s Sky Tour Podcast – October 2025 | Sky & Telescope Youtube

Pegasus is a large, distinctive constellation that’s easy to spot. During October, you can use it — along with Saturn — to find some amazing celestial sights in their vicinity. Get all the details and lots more stargazing info by downloading this month’s Sky Tour podcast!

See also

** The Night Sky | October 2025 | Comet A6 LEMMON, R2 SWAN, 3I ATLAS, K1 ATLAS | Orionids Meteor Shower | Late Night Astronomy

It’s the month of the comets as we track four of them traveling through our solar system! Let’s take a look at what you can go out to see in the Night Sky for October of 2025!

…

Timestamps:
0:00 Comet A6 LEMMON
1:31 Comet R2 SWAN
2:47 Comet K1 ATLAS
3:14 Comet 3I ATLAS
4:16 Orionids Meteor Shower
5:52 The Moon
6:55 The Planets
8:09 Andromeda Galaxy

** What’s in the Sky this Month | October 2025 | High Point Scientific on Youtube

In this episode of What’s in the Sky this Month, Teagan reviews some of the beautiful celestial objects you can see in October!

Read the full October 2025 Newsletter: https://www.highpointscientific.com/a…

..

Chapters
00:00 – Introduction
00:32 – Harvest Moon
01:08 – Nearest Neighbors
02:10 – Uranus & the Pleiades
02:42 – The Owl Cluster
03:10 – Mesarthim
03:50 – Orionid Meteor Shower
04:32 – Conclusion

** Night Sky Notebook October 2025 | Peter Detterline

This is what is happening in the sky for October 2025.

** See also:

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—- Books —

Stellaris: People of the Stars

Everyone can participate in space