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RLV News
Space Transport Developments & Commentary

March 2005
Index Feedback

SS1
Scaled Composites photos
SpaceShipOne on first rocket powered flight Dec.17th, 2003.


RLV (Reusable Launch Vehicles) News offers brief articles and comments concerning developments in the area of space transport, which includes vehicles for earth launch to orbit, suborbital spaceflight, and in-space vehicles. It also provides lots of links to news articles, announcements by commercial rocket developers, NASA events, etc.

The RLV Countdown: Part 1 and Part 2 sections provide information and
links for various reusable space transportation systems around the world.

RLV Table compares a selection of space transport vehicles.

RLV History looks at earlier vehicles and designs.

See the Advanced Rocketry Section for entries on
advanced amateur & student rocketry, experimental rocketry,
& innovations by small rocket companies.

The Space Log contains news about
amateur space activities, space businesses, etc.

RLV News Archive Directory

March 31, 2005

12:50 pm: NASA misses the point ... Robert Zimmerman argues that NASA has failed to heed the main criticisms of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board. Space Watch: A cultural change at NASA? - UPI - Mar.31.05.

Though the board did criticize NASA's safety culture, its critique was far more fundamental, describing in detail the long-term and widespread failures of NASA's entire management -- not just its safety management -- resulting not only in an inability to face squarely the important technical problems that directly caused both the Columbia and Challenger accidents, but also a failure to build an effective shuttle replacement, as well as properly manage the entire U.S. manned-spaceflight program.

He goes on to point out several management failures such as leaving a gap in human spaceflight capability between the end of the shuttle program in 2010 and the first CEV crew flight in 2014 despite the fact that buying Soyuz rides to the ISS is prohibited.

Furthermore,

... there is NASA's current plan to replace the shuttle with the CEV. In an effort to manage construction as closely as possible, NASA would require the contractors that build the spacecraft to submit 129 different monthly, quarterly, annually, and continuously updated reports, covering everything from safety to how each contractor organizes its workforce.

What makes NASA's approach disturbing is how much it resembles NASA's past dependence on "bureaucratic accountability," as noted by the CAIB report. Rather than allow contractors the freedom to work and innovate, NASA has decided to burden them with endless paperwork under the assumption NASA must review their work in tedious written detail to determine whether the work is being done correctly.

There's one way to fix the situation but it hasn't happened yet:

Put simply, organizations are made up of people, and if the people do not change, it is almost impossible to change the organization. Without an aggressive housecleaning of the mid-level and upper-level NASA staffers who -- as the CAIB remarked -- spent "as much time making sure hierarchical rules and processes were followed as they did trying to establish why anyone would want a picture of the orbiter," nothing significant is ever going to change.

Unfortunate, but such a housecleaning at NASA has not yet occurred. Most of the people in charge today at all levels also were in charge prior to the Columbia accident.

He hopes Michael Griffin will refocus NASA from managment by powerpoint to the technical work of engineering.

12:05 pm: News briefs ... Just heard that a NASA Robotic & Human Lunar Exploration Meeting is currently happening at the University of Maryland and will continue through tomorrow. (See the agenda.) Guess it is too late to arrange to pack the audience with people wearing LEAD t-shirts ...

... Only 28 shuttle flights remain before the program ends. Already the ET and SRB production lines are shutting down: Notes from the NASA Integrated Space Operations Summit 2005 - NASA Watch - Mar.30.05 ...

... Yesterday was supposed to be Kistler's big day in court but have heard yet if it's plan to get out of bankruptcy was accepted.

12:05 am: Teacher near space adventure ... X-Rocket starts its suborbital spaceflight service with high altitude supersonic jet flights for its own "Teacher in Space Program":

Teacher In Space Candidate Completes Proficiency Flight

Maching Bird 1 take off
Photo copyright X-Rocket
Maching Bird 1, a former Czech Air Force MiG-21UM
trainer, takes off from Reno's Stead Field.

Reno, NV – March 30, 2005 – For pilot Bob Ray, it was a routine proficiency flight, but for teacher Pam Leestma, it was the flight of a lifetime and the first step toward realizing her lifelong dream of traveling into space.

Ray and Leestma, a 30-year-veteran teacher from Valley Christian Elementary School in Bellflower, California, took off from Reno Stead Field at 12:15 pm in a two-seat MiG-21UM supersonic jet trainer owned and operated by commercial spaceflight company X-Rocket, LLC. Leestma was selected as a spaceflight candidate in X-Rocket’s Teacher in Space program.

The former Czech Air Force MiG-21UM, now dubbed Maching Bird 1, is one of the highest performance civilian aircraft in the US and the first step in X-Rocket’s plan to open space to all Americans. Leestma’s flight was no tourist ride, like the MiG flights sold to American tourists in Russia. “During today’s flight, Pam filled important crew functions,” said pilot Bob Ray, “including helping to monitor instruments and perform traffic watch.”

For Pam Leestma, today’s flight seems only natural. Her cousin, David Leestma, is a NASA Shuttle astronaut, and she has had a long-time fascination with spaceflight. “This is the adventure of a lifetime,” Leestma said. “To see God's Earth from such a vantage point makes me think of the teachers who inspired engineers, scientists, and mathematicians to achieve things such as this. I hope to continue to inspire the next generation to find their dreams, achieve them, and make a difference in our world.”

“X-Rocket’s Teacher in Space program will help teachers like Pam Leestma realize their dreams,” said company president Edward Wright. X-Rocket plans to operate a fleet of suborbital aerospace trainers that will serve multiple functions, from advanced test pilot training to adventure tourism experiences to Teacher in Space flights. The company’s motto is “Spaceflight for the rest of us.”

During the 1980’s, NASA created its own Teacher in Space program, which was later replaced by the NASA Educator Astronaut program. Problems with the Shuttle program have prevented NASA from actually flying any teachers in space, however, and the planned replacement of the Shuttle with a Crew Exploration Vehicle will reduce the number of available flight opportunities for all NASA astronauts. Newspaper articles have spoken of possible layoffs in the NASA astronaut office, so opportunities for NASA to fly educator astronauts will remain scarce.

“This is where private enterprise can play a role,” Wright said. “Suborbital vehicles now under development will carry people into space much more affordably than the Shuttle or CEV. For under twenty million dollars, we could fly 200 teachers a year, four from every state in the union. Imagine thousands of astronaut teachers in schools all across the country, within the next decade. For decades, we’ve told students that if they studied math and science, they could grow up to become astronauts and go into space, but in reality, kids had a better chance of growing up to become NBA basketball players. What message does that send? Suppose we could turn that around, and show kids that they have a realistic chance of going into space? How cool would that be?

“X-Rocket is currently seeking sponsors to help make that happen. Today’s flight is only the beginning.

“Pam Leestma has shown that America’s teachers have the Right Stuff. We don’t intend to let them down.”

Several photos are available in the X-Rocket press area.

March 30, 2005

5:45 pm: More AERA ... Alan Boyle reports on the AERA announcement and on a conversation with Bill Sprague, the company's chairman, who says the project is on schedule: Take a virtual space ride - Cosmic Log/MSNBC - Mar.30.05.

5:25 pm: AERA ... The AERA Gallery now provides animations and still images of the Altairis vehicle design. As expected, the Altairis looks very similar to their Liberty vehicle entry in the X PRIZE (under their previous American Astronautics name).

The AERA site doesn't yet provide any specifications on the vehicle or views of the return phase. The Liberty uses a booster with a single pressure fed liquid bi-propellant engine with LOX/Kerosene that fires for 81 seconds. The crew module separates from the booster after the engine shutdown and the crew module ascends to over 100 Km. The booster and crew module each returns via parafoils for landings on airbags.

There's no indication yet as to what stage the Altairis vehicle design has reached. For example, has it passed a preliminary design review, critical design review, etc.? If they plan to fly by next year, it sure seems they would need to be past or very close to the CDR by now. The Press-Enterprise article says that there were hardware components in the AERA facility in Temecula, California, so maybe they have started construction.

The Press-Enterprise article also states that AERA currently has $1.2 million but needs to raise $15 million to $20 million to build the vehicle. Before flying passengers they would also, of course, need to get an AST license, which presumably would require several test flights. I hope they can do it but it sure seems ambitious to plan on flying ticketed passengers in 2006.

5:25 pm: News briefs ... Tom Hill reports on a presentation by Burt Rutan at the National Air and Space Museum's Udvar-Hazy Center: An Evening with Burt Rutan - Space What Now? - Mar.26.05 ...

... Via Transterrestrial comes links to some new space blogs including the Space Law Probe, which says it is "Not for lawyers and astronauts only". The blog is associated with the site Spacelawstation.com: The planet's space law portal, which offers a lot of interesting space law related resources such as a list of Space Lawyers, Space Law Cases, and Space Law Books. (No section yet with space lawyer jokes ... Sorry, I couldn't resist.) More space law links. ...

... Note that I maintain a list of space related blogs and bulletin boards on a separate page.

11:05 am: News briefs ... The AERA animation of their vehicle design will be posted on their website at 1:30 pm EST today. In the meantime, see the description here: Space tourism propelled by rocket science: PREVIEW: A television feed shows a five-minute trip on a spacecraft from AERA Corp. -PE.com (Riverside CA) - Mar.30.05 (via spacetoday.net) ...

... The return-to-flight program reaches a milestone with the rollout of the Discovery to the VAB: Discovery rolls toward a return to flight - collectSPACE - Mar.29.05 * Discovery rolls closer to launch: Revamped orbiter arrives at VAB to prepare for trip to launch pad - Florida Today - Mar.30.05. ...

... Spaceflight Today offers regular updates on the Discovery mission here: STS-114 Shuttle Report | Mission Status Center.

March 29, 2005

12:20 pm: AERA announcement just arrived:

AERA Corporation Releases Animated Presentation of Altairis Rocket
Which will Begin Taking Tourists into Space in 2006

Video News Release will be available globally via satellite Wednesday March 30 and will also be posted to the www.aeraspace.com website

(Temecula, CA) An animated presentation of the AERA Corporation Altairis rocket, which will begin taking tourists into space in 2006, will be available via satellite to news stations across the globe on March 30. The same animation will also be made available on the www.aeraspace.com website.

The video animation will allow anyone to see what the future of space tourism will look like.

"We wanted as many people as possible to be able to see the near future where the wonder and awe of space travel will become a reality for many not just a select few," said Bill Sprague, Founder, CEO and Chief Scientist of AERA Corp.

The release of the design of the rocket closely follows AERA's recently signed agreements with the United States Air Force and the Florida Space Authority to use Cape Canaveral for launch, flight operations and landing.

"As companies work to make space accessible to the masses the Florida Space Authority will work with them to make individuals dreams of space flight come true," said Paul Altier, Manager of Spaceport Operations at the Florida Space Authority.

The United States Air Force will also be working with AERA and added that they will be "providing oversight to ensure flight and public safety attention is maintained," said Rick Blucker, Chief of Plans and Programs with the 45th Space Wing at Patrick Air Force Base in Florida.

The agreements with the Florida Space Authority and the United States Air Force are critical elements to having a legitimate and ongoing outer space tourism program.

"Having those agreements signed for us is like a large commercial carrier opening a hub at a major airport without a hub you have no airline and without an agreement like this you have no space program," said Sprague.

Television news producers please contact Mike Garcia for satellite feed coordinates. Individuals will be able to view the presentation beginning at 5:00 EST on March 30th at www.aeraspace.com.

11:25 am: News briefs... Masten Space Systems reports on progress with their igniter and other projects: Update - MSS blog - Mar.26.05 ...

... Recent Space Show interviewees who discussed topics related to space transport include Sam Dinkin, a columnist for the Space Review, John Jurist who writes about medical issues related to space tourism, and regular guest Robert Zimmerman who talked about the recent AST meeting and the FAA guidelines for commercial suborbital spaceflight. ...

... Speaking of the AST, today through Thursday it is holding a public meeting "on the draft regulatory language including changes to the commercial space transportation regulations governing licensing and safety requirements for launch. The meeting will take place at the Holiday Inn-Capitol, 550 C Street SW, Washington, DC in the Discovery I Conference Room." ...

... Today Kistler is supposed to find out if its plan for emerging from Chapter 11 bankruptcy is accepted by the court.

March 28, 2005

2:30 pm: News briefs... To obtain engines that can last for "hundreds of flights, not just a few", Armadillo Aerospace is shifting its engine development away from hydrogen peroxide fuels to LOX/Methanol biprops according to the latest update from John Carmack: Pyrolusite, peroxide, Lox - Armadillo Aerospace - Mar.27.05 ...

... Sam Dinkin continues his interview with David Urie of Rocketplane Ltd: Rocket plane venture star (part 2) - The Space Review - Mar.28.05. Urie reports that the company just completed its preliminary design review. The critical design review will take place this fall and then construction of the vehicle will begin with the goal of passenger operations by 2007. Total cost of the project is in the $40M+ range....

... Rand Simberg examines the potential plusses and minuses of a Michael Griffiin administration at NASA: Rocket Man - Tech Central Station - Mar.28.05 ...

... Jeff Foust looks at the complexities of the global launch industry: Stagflation, overcapacity, and the commercial launch industry - The Space Review - Mar.28.05 ...

... From his experience on the Moon-Mars Commission, Neil deGrasse Tyson has become more optimistic about prizes as motivators and about commercial space development in general: Blue Ribbon Buoyancy - Astrobiology Magazine - Mar.23.05. (Via a posting on the Space Arena forum.)

2:15 am: Alt.space moves on ... It is a shame that perhaps the first ever mention of the phrase "alt.space" in the Washington Post came in an article like this: Telecom Mogul's Lofty Dreams Plummet: Fun-Loving Space Aficionado and Eccentric Rebel Accused of Tax Evasion - Washington Post - Mar.26.05.

However, the Anderson situation seems more of an embarrassment than a setback for the movement. After all, with the SS1 going into the Air & Space Museum this summer and over a hundred million dollars committed to the SS2, it is hard to portray private space development as nothing but the fanciful dreams of a small scattering of wacky, feckless eccentrics.

If Anderson's arrest had occurred a few years ago when MirCorp was one of the biggest and most visible entrepreneurial space firms around, I think it would have made a much bigger impact. Paul Allen, Richard Branson, and others might not have come to support private space projects if such an event resulted in a widespread public impression that such endeavors were not only crazy but also tainted with illegality.

As I tried to argue with the timeline exercise, private space development has now grown beyond any one person or company. It is hardly invulnerable and there are major challenges ahead, but there is a robustness and a growth to the movement that will allow it to pass quickly over this small bump in the road to space.

2:15 am: Support your favorite rocket projects such as those at Rocketforge by shopping at the Rocketforge CafePress site, which includes a store section for Masten Space Systems.

Be sure to attend NASA sponsored conferences while wearing LEAD T-Shirts to express your preference for Option D in the NASA Lunar Roadmap.

See also the links to other Rocket Company shops.

2:15 am: News briefs ... ... As shown with the SS1, composites will play a significant role in many RLV designs. Boeing and Airbus are going bigtime with composites in their airliners and this will push the development of these materials and expand the industrial infrastructure supporting them: Evolution and Revolution- Aviation Week - Mar.27.05. This should in turn help to support their use in RLVs. However, there do seem to be some problems to work out: We Don't Know As Much As We Think We Do - Transterrestrial Musings - Mar.14.05 ...

... Another update on the Cosmos 1 project: First solar sail continues methodical launch checklist - Spaceflight Now - Mar.26.05 ...

... Well, for starters it helps to be Boeing or LockMart: Want to succeed as a space contractor? Here's how - Florida Today - Mar.27.05 ...

... NASA once talked about keeping the shuttle program running till 2020 or longer. Looks like it will be a challenge even to keep it going until 2010: Report criticizes shuttle workforce planning - spacetoday.net - Mar.27.05...

... Keith Cowing is finding lots of problems and raising many questions regarding the GWU Astronaut Space Safety 2005 study: How to Waste $300,000 (Substantially Updated and Expanded) - NASA Watch - Mar.27.05

March 26, 2005

1:55 am: News briefs ... Leonard David reviews the issue of medical requirements for people who want to take suborbital space tourism flights: Doctor's Orders: The Right Stuff for Space Tourists - Space.com - Mar.25.05 ...

... The FAA and the Air Force move to coordinate their policies and practices with respect to commercial expendable vehicle launches: FAA Announces Next Step in Commercial Space Launch Partnership - FAA - Mar.24.05 ...

... Rand Simberg is not a fan of uncrewed shuttle flights, which were recommended in the study from George Washington University: Clueless At GWU - Transterrestrial Musings - Mar.25.05 - as recommended

March 25, 2005

1:15 pm: News briefs ... A hot gas blowback during a SpaceX engine test damaged some wiring on the test stand. This will cause a delay of a week or so for the pad hotfire test at Vandenberg: Minor Damage to SpaceX Engine Test Stand - SpaceRef - Mar.25.05 ...

... Speaking of rocket engine tests, NASA did a firing of a subscale version of the shuttle solid rocket boosters: Marshall booster rumbles, smokes: Engineers work with model to improve reusable shuttle part - Huntsville Times - Mar.25.05 ...

... A crowd of Marshall employees and their families came out to see the test. Rocket Test Draws a Crowd - WHNT-TV, Huntsville, AL - Mar.24.05. I like the comment "They came to the East Test Area because the test was loud, and it was exciting." Something for the X PRIZE Cup promoters to consider. They better emphasize the boom, fire and flash if they want to get a couple of hundred thousand people to drive out into the desert to see the event ...

... The announcement of the Volvo/Virgin Galactic contest winner has gotten quite a bit of press (via spacetoday.net):

... The Vega may have twice the payload of the Falcon I, and neither is flying yet, but it still seems to say something about government vs. private development that the Vega is taking much longer (it began in 1998) and a lot more money (US$300M) to build it: Vega on track to meet 2007 deadline - ESA - Mar.16.05 ...

... More about the Shuttle safety study carried out by a group at George Washington University: NASA Needs Shuttle Replacement as Soon as Possible - Bloomberg - Mar.24.05. (I don't see the report posted yet at the GWU Space Policy Institute). It urges NASA to use uncrewed shuttle flights for the ISS missions and to restart the X-38 project.

2:15 am: Japan news briefs .... Yoshifumi Inatani, leader of the Japanese RVT project, argues in support of the pursuit of reusable rocket vehicles: "The Next Goal for Rockets" or "The World of the Swindler?" - ISAS/JAXA - March.2005 ...

... To encourage interest in space tourism in Japan, Patrick Collins has created the website SF/J Space Future Japan (English).

(Links via a HS reader in Japan.)

2:15 am: News briefs ... The Crosslink magazine, published semiannually by Aerospace Corporation, offers lots of interesting articles. See, for example, the issue Rocket Science - Crosslink - Winter 2004, which includes the articles History of the Dyna-Soar and Future Launch Systems ...

... This well written piece by Ben Berry nicely describes the Virgin Galactic Press Conference in New York City where the Volvo XC90 V8 contest winner was formally introduced yesterday: Branson and Volvo announce Virgin Galactic Spaceflight winner - Space Race News!/Rockets Away - Mar.25.04

March 24, 2005

5:00 pm: News briefs... Robert Zimmerman observes that it is Congressional earmarks, not the VSE, that is grabbing money away from the approved science projects: Space Watch: NASA impeded by science lobby - UPI - Mar.24.05 ...

... Alan Boyle on the Volvo space tourism contest: Ticket to ride ... in space - Cosmic Log/MSNBC - Mar.24.05 ...

... I assume this it is the Cosmopolis C-21 mockup that is being exhibited, along with the Kliper mockup, and not an actual vehicle: Russia Exhibits Space Shuttles At Expo'2005 - RIA Novosti - Mar.24.05 ...

... Russia and Kazakhstan are discussing a collaborative project involving the launch of small satellites (160kg range) via a second stage rocket carried by a MIG-31. Most of the elements of the system and infrastructure already exist according to the article: www.spacenews.ru article in Russian. (Link via F. Novoshilov) ...

... I wonder if Griffin will consider uncrewed flights? Safety report calls for uncrewed space shuttles - New Scientist - Mar.24.05 ...

... Mark Whittington discusses how NASA might employ a commercial approach to lunar development: A New Way to Explore the Moon - The Washington Dispatch - Mar.24.05.

11:25 am: Space contest news.... The winner of the Volvo/Virgin Galactic space tourist contest winner has been revealed as Doug Ramsburg of Colorado:

(Links via spacetoday.net.) ...

... More about the Centennial Challenges announcement: NASA announces prizes for space breakthroughs - MSNBC - Mar.24.05 * NASA Details Cash Prizes for Space Privatization - Space.com - Mar.23.05 ...

... Since I would prefer a pummeling with a tire iron to watching "The Apprentice", I'll have to find out from someone else what kind of space prize will be contested for there: Space-Related Prize on "The Apprentice"? - NASA Watch - Mar.23.05 .

11:25 am: Zero Gravity opportunities ... Xero will begin offering rides on its parabola flying plane this summer in northern Sweden: Zero-Gravity Flights to Take Off From Sweden This Summer - Space.com/AP - Mar.24.05.

It will be interesting to see if they can make it a successful business with $9.6K ticket prices. If so, that certainly would make the case stronger for suborbital spaceflights tourism. People who can afford that much to experience weightlessness during a 90 minute ride in a plane will probably pay $100K-200K for an actual ride into space.

I got a feeling, though, that many wealthy European space enthusiasts will prefer to spend the $9.6K to buy a plane ticket to Miami and to ride twice on the Zero-G plane.

11:25 am: Flight School news.... Alan Boyle reports that Freeman Dyson was a big hit at the Flight School meeting: Dyson's sphere of influence - MSNBC - Mar.24.05 ...

... Alan also passes along the news that the launch of the Cosmos 1 solar sail will be delayed till late May and that the next ISS tourist will likely be a Japanese citizen: Space dreams deferred - MSNBC - Mar.24.05 ...

... Progress in the development of Very Light Jets (VLJ), or Microjets, was the other topic of the meeting: Personal Travel on 'Microjets' Expected to Grow - LiveScience - Mar.23.05

11:25 am: News briefs ... The April issue of National Geographic will include an article about the SS1: SpaceShipOne - National Geographic Magazine - April.05 issue ...

... The GAO recommends improvements in NASA's Prometheus 1 nuclear powered spacecraft development program: GAO Report: NASA's Space Vision: Business Case for Prometheus 1 Needed to Ensure Requirements Match Available Resources - SpaceRef - Mar.23.05 ...

... There will be a number of new procedures and restrictions on the next shuttle flight: Up and Down: NASA Plans for Discovery's Launch and Landing - Space.com - Mar.24.05.

March 23, 2005

8:00 pm: Centennial Challenges announced: NASA Announces First Centennial Challenges' Prizes - NASA - Mar.23.05. As expected, NASA will collaborate with the Spaceward Foundation to sponsor tether material and power beaming competitions in 2005 and 2006. Prizes will be $100K, $40K, and $10K for first, second and third place finishers, respectively.

See also NASA Follows X Prize Footsteps - Wired - Mar.23.05. (Links via spacetoday.net.)

4:30 PM: Robust waverider? I'm gradually reading through the thesis The Decision Maker’s Guide To Robust, Reliable And Inexpensive Access To Space by Gary N. Henry, Lt Col, USAF - Air War College - Feb.2003 - pdf (link via Sam Dinkin). It provides a lot of interesting background info on rocketry, vehicle design, and launch industry economics. In looking ahead to the collision, however, I'm wondering how in the world he concludes that a

"two-stage-to-orbit space launch system using a first stage waverider design leveraging combined cycle engine technology is the best and fastest route to R2ISA [robust, reliable, and inexpensive space access]"

And he is not talking about $50 per kg to LEO but simply breaking the limit of $2000 per kg. I hope some knowledgable aerospace types will critique his analysis.

12:50 pm: Attracting capital ... Ester Dyson's "Flight School" conference is happening today and it has an impressive list of speakers from the worlds of both alt.space and VLJ (Very Light Jet) aviation.

As mentioned before, the registration price was very high and it was not, as claimed, the first gathering where both entrepreneurial financiers and engineers from startup space companies could interact. However, the meeting certainly offers an opportunity to educate potential new investors about the industry and that's clearly beneficial to its growth.

Alan Boyle, who is attending the meeting, reports on efforts to go beyond angel investors and attract institutional investors to the space startups. In the article - Spaceflight industry ready for takeoff: Startups reach out to investors interested in money, not just glory - MSNBC - Mar.22.05. - he talks with XCOR spokesman Rich Pournelle and two investors in XOR, Joe Pistritto and Lee Valentine.

Pistritto has noticed a change in the attitude of financial people after the SS1 flights: "The industry has suddenly become real." Valentine wants to help advance his own personal space vision but another reason he got "involved with XCOR in the near term is to make money." Perhaps now there is a better chance to convince others as well that the entrepreneurial space industry is a place to make money. ...

... This article also discusses the Flight School meeting and says that "Jeff Bezos and numerous other CEOs and representatives of venture capital firms" are attending: 'Seeds of a Revolution' Could Help Change NASA - Space.com - Mar.23.05 ...

... Alan reports on the Centennial Challenges announcement this evening: Space-elevator boosters play role in challenge - Cosmic Log/MSNBC - Mar.23.05 ...

12:50 pm: News briefs... Glenn Reynolds hopes that Mike Griffin can do the tough things necessary to get NASA into shape. He believes that space exploration is more than just for pure science but is vital to the long term prospects for humanity. "Let's get those space settlements going": A New Captain for the Titanic? - TCS: Tech Central Station - Mar.23.05 ...

... Meanwhile, NASA will try to keep the shuttle as far away from people as possible during both takeoff and landing: NASA to enhance public safety around shuttle - spacetoday.net - Mar.23.05. Here is a Media Advisory that expresses NASA's concern for the public safety even more emphatically (and humorously). ...

... Understanding the full extent of the debris problem continues to be a challenge: Defining the debris threat: What can shuttles withstand? - Spaceflight Now - Mar.22.05 ...

... For the SS1 archives. Here is a set of articles at Popular Mechanics I happened to come across: 'SpaceShipOne' X Factors: How backyard engineering won the private space race. - Popular Mechanics - Dec.14.04.

2:20 am: Near space for kids... JP Aerospace continues their pongsat program, this time with a high altitude balloon:

Ping Pong Balls to the Edge of Space.

On April 9th, JP Aerospace will carry 140 student projects from around the world to the edge of space on a high altitude balloon.

These experiments are part of JP Aerospace’s PongSat® program.

A PongSat is an experiment that fits inside of a ping pong ball. Students as young as eight are running their own space programs. Experiments range from plant seeds to computers with sophisticated sensors. For several months, students from Belgium, California, and Texas have been mailing their PongSats to JP Aerospace. In a couple of weeks these ping pong ball "satellites" will be flown to the edge of space on a research balloon platform. During the flight, the PongSats will experience cold down to -90 degrees Fahrenheit, vacuum, cosmic rays, and zero gravity during the descent.

After landing, the PongSats are returned to the students along with a video of the mission. The student will then inspect their experiment and study the results.

This high altitude balloon mission, “Away 26,” is being flown to test telemetry systems for high altitude airships. Whenever JP Aerospace flies to the upper atmosphere, space is set aside for PongSats. The students get to go along for the ride.

Even the youngest students can be space scientists, flying real missions to a place where few “real” scientists get to go. JP Aerospace has flown 1600 PongSats involving over 6000 students.

Away 26 is the eighty-sixth mission flown by JP Aerospace. JP Aerospace is a volunteer-based space program dedicated to building and flying low-cost space systems.

The PongSat program is open to everyone and is free of charge to schools and individuals. For more information or fly your own PongSat visit www.jpaerospace.com.

Photographs available at www.jpaerospace.com.

Mission Details:
• Mission Name: Away 26
• Mission Type: Unmanned High Altitude Balloon
• Maximum altitude: 110,000 feet
• Vehicle weight 25 pounds
• Total Flight Time: Four hours
• Number of PongSats: 140
• Flight systems include: Full command control telemetry system, Dual GPS tracking, Live video
downlink, digital still camera and environment measuring sensors.

March 22, 2005

10:45 pm: Challenging space elevator tech ... Ed Wright tells me that NASA will reveal the first two Centennial Challenge contests on Wednesday: NASA Announces First Two Centennial Challenges - NASA - Mar.22.05.

The partner for the contests will be the Spaceward Foundation, whose "flagship project" is Elevator2010.org. This project had previously announced its sponsorship of the "Space Elevator Climber Competition" and the "Space Elevator Tether Competition". I presume that NASA will be increasing the size of the awards from the current $50K for the top prizes.

Ed isn't impressed: "Never let it be said NASA doesn't support *practical* approaches to space access". I'm rather more positive about the contests and think they will be interesting and fun competitions for students in engineering and material sciences. I hope, though, that more near term technologies will be focused on in subsequent competitions.

10:45 pm: Homer's advice ... Too bad that Homer Hickam's Tuesday Wall Street Journal editorial - Shuttle Fatigue - is not in the free section. The author and former engineer at NASA has some strong advice for Mike Griffin. He urges the incoming administrator to "put the Space Shuttle in the museum where it belongs and implement with urgency the design, construction and flight of a new crewed space vehicle before every good engineer you've got walks away in disgust."

He says that it just isn't possible to "keep [the shuttles] flying on schedule and safe" and that "most NASA engineers in the trenches know it."

He advocates concentrating on the CEV and notes that most NASA engineers

"have never worked on a program that produced a spacecraft. Never! Can you imagine being an aerospace engineer and spending an entire career designing and designing again, but never being allowed to actually build and fly anything?"

I would note, however, that this lack of experience doesn't seem to be preventing NASA from specifying in great detail how the contractors should develop the CEV system.

10:45 pm: News briefs... The latest space race article from Irene Mona Klotz reports on the space tourist contest sponsored by Volvo: Space Race 2: Free tickets to ride - UPI/WashTimes - Mar.22.05. Nice to hear that the winner is a "die-hard space buff", so I assume he will actually take the space ride rather than cash. ...

... Space Race News! notes that the Romanian ARCA rocket team has recently posted a couple of news items about their project.

1:05 pm: The Rocket Company is now available for preorder from AIAA and will ship on July 15th. (Sometime between now and then it will become available at Amazon and other online stores.) Congratulations to Patrick, David and Doug. It will be great to see it in print. Two sample chapters are still available here.

1:05 pm: News briefs... Rand Simberg posts some comments on my recent item about NASA and on my private space development timeline: Alienating Constituencies - Transterrestrial Musings - Mar.22.05 ...

... Speaking of rocket companies and private development, we shouldn't forget that one startup in the past did in fact succeed in becoming a major aerospace firm. Here is a description of how Orbital Sciences got its start: HBS Working Knowledge: Entrepreneurship: Let's Start a Rocket Company! - Harvard Business School - Mar.21.05. (After implying otherwise, I was once firmly reminded by an OSC person that the Pegasus was the first privately developed orbital rocket.) ...

... At the Orlando meeting in January, Dr. Anatoly I. Kuzin, deputy director of Khrunichev, discussed the VSE and how Russia might participate in the effort. He shows, for example, a design for a new manned vehicle : Preliminary analysis of "The Vision for Space Exploration" program and estimation of the role of Russian space firms in its realization - (pdf) (Via HS reader F. Novozhilov)...

... Speaking of Russian manned vehicles, the Kliper will be on display at a meeting in Japan: New Russian Shuttle To Be Displayed For The First Time In Japan - RIA Novosti - Mar.21.05 ...

... The Shuttle Discovery has built an impressive resumé: Discovery returns to center stage: Shuttle's epic legacy grows as rollover nears - Florida Today - Mar.21.05 ...

... This article assumes the worst about a shuttle rescue mission and its aftermath: The mission NASA hopes won't happen - USATODAY.com - Mar.22.05. But Keith Cowing thinks a rescue mission would hardly mean the end of manned spaceflight in the US for "decades" or kill the ISS: USA Today's Doomsday Scenario - NASA Watch - Mar.22.05. Here's more on the shuttle rescue scenario: Shuttle Rescue: Four Astronauts Train for the Unthinkable - Space.com - Mar.21.05

1:55 am: Private space progress ... I've posted a new, improved version of my timeline for private space development: Climbing a Commercial Stairway to Space: A Plausible Timeline? Vers 2.0.

Don't know if any of it will actually come true but in creating the timeline I've become very impressed with the breadth and depth of the alt.space movement. The number of entrepreneurial projects is large and growing. The technical sophistication of the projects is typically quite high. The number of rich investors has grown significantly and the movement doesn't depend on the generosity of any one space mogul. (Though clearly a lot is riding on the continuing support of Robert Bigelow for space habitat development and the America's Space Prize.)

So unless there is a major recession or other huge disaster, I think we will witness a lot of exciting accomplishments in private space development in the coming decade.

March 21, 2005

12:30 pm: NASA priorities and process ... Gil Moore has spent several decades in the space education field and currently leads the Project Starshine student satellite program that has successfully launched three spacecraft from the shuttle and involved "over one hundred thousand students in 43 countries" in the projects.

He has sent an open letter to Michael Griffin lamenting the cancellation of the Shuttle Get Away Special (GAS) program and the general failure of NASA to support access to space for student projects: Remarks at the funeral of NASA's Get Away Special Program - An open letter to Dr. Michael Griffin - SpaceRef - Mar.20.05.

He recognizes the challenges facing NASA with the return to flight program and in finishing the ISS but argues that there are other priorities as well:

But what is the educational community supposed to do...just forget about the space program? Are only the physical and intellectual elite to have access to space, once again? What about the outstanding legacy GAS flight programs at Utah State University, the University of Michigan, and the University of Louisville, to name but a few, that were turning out generations of space-wise students, before the Columbia accident changed the entire landscape of educational space experimentation? Does NASA have a plan to provide an alternative avenue for students to do their own enthusiastic, creative and unfettered experiments with their own space hardware, as they have done for the past twenty years in the SSIP, GAS and Hitchhiker programs?.

He has heard rumors that

...NASA is working DARPA to fly one or more Falcon expendable launch vehicles from the Wallops Flight Station, and that there will be an opportunity to fly educational satellites, like Starshine 4/5, for example, on at least one of those missions. That sounds like a great start, but how about making that an annual event?

NASA needs to do more than just talk about education:

It's all well and good for NASA administrators and Air Force generals to make speeches deploring the "greying of the space industry" and delineating in great detail the workforce crisis that is nearly upon us, due to the rapidly looming waves of retirements of space employees. They warn us in sepulchral tones that our nation is in imminent danger of losing our technological leadership in space, following which everything else will go to pot. ... but it's now time for the leaders of our country to put their monies where their mouths are. There is no, repeat no, substitute for actually letting students fly their own hardware in space. Giving them lectures and letting them follow government employees around in the workplace and showing them Earth images and webcasts of astronauts working in space and rovers working on Mars are all marvelous things to do, but they are not sufficient to motivate today's youth to join us in the president's announced program to go back to the Moon and on to Mars. They need to be able to fly experiments of their own.

It's not as if huge costs are involved.

How about your subsidizing a program to deploy Cubesats from converted camera pods on the outside of government and commercial ELVs, as proposed by a former GAS student who now runs his own aerospace company? Or how about the aerospace industry providing machining support to Cal State Long Beach and its struggling, small aerospace company partner to help them build a very small, nanosat launch vehicle to orbit Cubesat-class satellites. [My links]

He suggests some new approaches to substitute for the GAS such as

sponsoring development of a stabilized ELV bus with self-contained power, telemetry and video transmission, and maybe even a payload retrieval system, so the students can adapt their GAS experiments to the ELV world, and then giving them frequent repetitive launch opportunities, like they had in the GAS program. "Stop and start" just doesn't cut it in the educational world, especially when graduate students are involved...

... This command to kill the GAS follows similar "top-down" policies at NASA that seem oblivious to any other input. NASA was also urged by a space science committee to revitalize its sounding rocket program but instead the program is steadily fading away. For relatively little money, it could fund flights on the new RLV suborbital rockets and thus help both science and the development of new launch technologies. ...

... It certainly seems strange that NASA is initiating the VSE by alienating virtually every natural constituency that it has. In addition to this hit on space education, the science community is becoming convinced that the VSE just means big cutbacks in its funding (At NASA, Clouds Are What You Zoom Through to Get to Mars - NY Times - Mar.21.05), the aviation community is now sure that NASA wants to eliminate all aeronautical research (Congress Quizzes NASA On Cuts in Aeronautics Spending - Space News - Mar.21.05), closing a research center or two will certainly reduce its circle of friends (NASA BRAC: a bad idea - The Space Review - Mar.21.05), and cancelling the Hubble repair mission angered every astronomy fan in the country.

It's not as if NASA has a shortage of waste. It could clearly accomplish much more with its 16 billion dollar budget. Often it appears, however, that particular NASA programs are cut not because they are failing or because they lack cost-effectiveness, but because they are small and don't have the political clout to fight back. Meanwhile, the huge Shuttle and ISS programs relentlessly suck up all funding in sight.

I hope the new administrator will allow for rational input from outside sources to make a difference in NASA policies and that he will better communicate the reasons for cutbacks and convince people that they are made for sound, long term strategic reasons rather than just short term programmatic convenience.

12:30 pm: News briefs... In the latest issue of The Space Review, Sam Dinkin surveys the Rocketplane Ltd plans for a suborbital tourist service: It's about engineering at Rocketplane - The Space Review - Mar.21.05 ...

... Sam also interviews David Urie, vice president and program manager at Rocketplane: Rocket plane venture star (part 1) - The Space Review - Mar.21.05 ...

... Dr. John Jurist discusses the oxygen requirements for passengers on a suborbital spaceflight: Human factors in commercial suborbital flight: Getting adequate oxygen - The Space Review - Mar.21.05

March 20, 2005

3:20 pm: CEV spiral ... Rand Simberg corrects the date given Friday for the CEV downselect to two contractors. From the presentations shown at the March 11th Exploration Systems NASA/Industry Days, the schedule actually goes as follows:

  • Proposals are due no later than 2:00 pm, May 2, 2005
  • Source Evaluation will begin immediately after the deadline
  • Contract award is planned for no-later-than 5 September 2005

... The presentations include a timeline chart called "Spiral I Program" that shows the various phases of the program NASA believes will lead to crewed flights in 2014. Interestingly, there is a one bar simply labeled "ETO [Earth to Orbit] ETO - Non Traditional Approach - Potential Commercial Solution". In other words, all this other stuff may be irrelevant if those entrpreneurial guys get there first. ...

... Henry Vanderbilt says that t/Space hasn't actually made a decision about whether to bid for the CEV or not.

3:20 pm: News briefs... Much of the commercial launch industry seems to be coalescing into two camps: International Launch Services (Lockheed-Martin, Khrunichev, and RSC Energia) and Launch Services Alliance (ArianeSpace, Boeing and Mitsubishi) : Launch Services Alliance Holds First Press Conference - SpaceRef - Mar.17.05.) ...

... I don't have a subscription to read the full article, but apparently the Near Space Maneuvering Vehicle project, of which JP Aerospace was once a contractor, is being scaled back by the Air Force. ...

... Speaking of JP Aerospace, check out the videos they are posting, especially this long fall to earth. ...

... There are job openings at Starchaser.

March 18, 2005

3:55 pm: News briefs ... Two finalists in the CEV competition will be announced on May 2nd: The future of space travel: The next space race is about to begin as eight private consortia finalize their bids for the lucrative contract to replace NASA's retiring space shuttle - The Advertiser - Mar.19.05 (via spacetoday.net) [Mar.20: see correction above] ...

... Miscellaneous problems are hindering the return to flight: ISS gyro problem will not delay shuttle launch - spacetoday.net - Mar.18.05 * Shuttle troubles: - Cosmic Log/MSNBC - Mar.17.05 * NASA: Space Station Work Put Off for Now - MSNBC - Mar.17.05 ...

... The Shuttle Getaway Specials program was intended to give low cost access to space for experiments built by university and other research groups. Thought the waiting times were long, some groups did successfully take advantage of the opportunity The program is now being canceled: Farewell to Getaway Specials - NASAWatch - Mar.18.05. I hope that Griffin, who comes with a science background, will put a priority on helping university groups get payloads into space in a timely and low cost manner. ...

... NASA Watch offers links to a couple of rapid prototyping projects at NASA: ISFR - Exploration Science & Technology Division and Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication - NASA. The latter site offers an interesting video showing the buildup of layers for a metal frame.

1:15 am: News briefs ... You will soon find out if you are the lucky winner of a ride to space: Volvo and Sir Richard Branson Unveil Winner of Trip to Space - PR Newswire/Volvo - Mar.17.05 ...

... The upcoming 21st National Space Symposium will include a discussion panel session that includes some representatives from the alt.space universe: Entrepreneurs featured at space symposium - Space Foundation - Mar.17.05. I find this rather encouraging, seeing as how the Space Foundation is an organization sponsored primarily by the mainstream aerospace industry. ...

... Here's a marvelous set of photos from the recent Atlas V launch: Photo Gallery: Atlas 5 rocket launches Inmarsat 4-F1 - Spaceflight Now - Mar.17.05....

... An item here yesterday mentioned rapid prototyping for space applications. Such a system might actually be able to make copies of itself. A Slashdot posting points to a NASA report from 1980 - NASA's Advanced Automation for Space Missions - IslandOne - 1980 - that looks at the possibilities of self-replicating systems (SRS) for lunar industrialization.

March 17, 2005

2:15 pm: News briefs... Robert Zimmerman examines the heavy paperwork and regulatory requirements that CEV contractors must endure: Space Watch: Spacefaring by bureaucrats - UPI - Mar.17.05 ...

... The print version of Space News recently published in its editorial section a three part essay by Robert Zubrin on how NASA's Moon exploration progam should proceed. The pieces have now been posted on the Mars Society website:

12:45 pm: News briefs ... Keith Cowing points out that a spare parts making system could come in quite handy for those living in space: Making Spares - On-orbit? - NASA Watch - Mar.17.05. There has been talk over the years of using rapid prototyping technologies in space but, as far as I know, NASA has never tried to develop a system to test on the ISS. As Bob Zimmerman recently pointed out, there are a lot of technologies and techniques like this that need to be developed before long duration deep space missions become practical and the ISS is the obvious place to test them. ...

... Starting to sink in at KSC that it won't always take 10,000+ people to launch a crew to orbit: Launch work force likely to decline: Space panelists stress options - Florida Today - Mar.17.05 ...

... Meanwhile, the struggle to launch the next shuttle continues: Shuttle launch schedule may slip: May 15 liftoff could be delayed - MSNBC - Mar.16.05 ...

... Jeff Foust spots in this article - JAXA seeks to bodily go, and to go it alone - Daily Yomiuri - Mar.16.05 - a sign of Japanese interest in developing their own human spaceflight capabilities: Japanese space policy - Space Politics - Mar.17.05. Unfortunately, it sounds like the usual government space agency PR fluff involving grandiose 20 year plans and the launching of crews on $100M expendables.The Japanese auto companies did not start on their road to catching up with and surpassing the US auto industry by emulating Edsels and finned Cadillacs. If JAXA really wants to get on a practical path to orbit, it should fund innovative projects like the RVT and support private development of low cost space transports.

March 16, 2005

1:55 pm: News briefs ... The third Minotaur-1 launch is in preparation: Steering system work delays Minotaur rocket launch - Spaceflight Now - Mar.15.05. It will launch the XSS 11, a 100Kg microsat that will demonstrate rendezvous and proximity operations with other satellites.

The number of payloads in this mass range seems to have fallen far short of what was expected back in the 1990s when launchers like the Minotaur-1 and Athena-1 were developed. The Minotaur-1 from Orbital Sciences offers similar capabilities as the Falcon-1, which SpaceX says will fly for around $6M per mission. It would be interesting to know what Orbital is charging for this flight. Lower launch prices might inspire a greater number of microsatellite projects. ...

... A reader sends me these links to articles involving Russian launch systems: Russia Wants To Build A New Extra-Heavy Launcher - Mar.8.05 * France, Russia Ink Deal On Rocket Launchers - Mar.15.05 * The Promise Of Modular Launch Vehicles - Mar.7.05.

March 15, 2005

2:20 pm: News briefs ... AERA Space will unveil its vehicle design on March 30th: Firm books launch services: The deal with the Air Force comes as the local company prepares to unveil its spacecraft. - Riverside [Ca] Press Enterprise - Mar.15.05 ...

... The latest article from Irene Mona Klotz reports on the SS1 journey to Washington and the status of some former X PRIZE projects: Space Race 2: SpaceShipOne, post X Prize - UPI/WashTimes - Mar.15.05.

(Links via spacetoday.net)

10:35 am: News briefs ... Access to the ISS is becoming a big messy problem for NASA due to political restrictions on funding of Soyuz flights: No plan B for outer space - Economist - Mar.10.05. Shuttles can remained docked for only a couple of weeks at a time and so for long term stays the astronauts need a Soyuz there as an emergency escape vehicle. After expiration of an agreement with Russia in 2006, NASA will need to pay for the vehicles. Congress, however, won't let NASA buy Soyuz flights as long as Russia is helping Iran with its nuclear projects. My guess is that the Administration will take advantage of a clause in the law that lets NASA get around this limitation for dire situations. ...

... Here's the current schedule for flights to the ISS. NASA ISS Flight Program Launch Schedule 10 March 2005 - SpaceRef - Mar.14.05 ...

... In discussing Walt Anderson's arrest, I mentioned that MirCorp had been one of the companies supporting a commercial parabolic flight service called Xero that would operate out of northern Sweden. Now comes news that Xero will begin flights this summer: Zero-gravity flights taking off this summer - USATODAY.com - Mar.14.05 (via spacetoday.net). Even with a weak dollar and the inclusion of lodging, the $9,615 package sounds pricey compared to Zero-G's $3750. ...

... Rand Simberg discusses possible problems with composite structures in airliners and what this might imply for their use on space transports: We Don't Know As Much As We Think We Do - Transterrestrial Musings - Mar.14.05 ...

... It would be interesting to hear the comments on this issue from a famous composite air and space craft builder in Mojave: Scaled Composites set to expand - AV Press - Mar.14.05.

March 14, 2005

11:45 am: More about Griffin... Jeff Foust provides additional info about Michael Griffin: Getting to know Michael Griffin - The Space Review - Mar.14.05. It will certainly be interesting to hear Griffin's first public statements after his nomination to find out if he strays significantly from any of his previously stated views on the Shuttle program, the future of the ISS, the need for a heavy-lift vehicle (HLV), etc.

Though I'm still very skeptical that a HLV will get Congressional approval anytime soon, it's possible that Griffin's anti-Shuttle/pro-Heavy Lifter views could actually compliment each other. The shuttle constituency in Congress might support a faster shut down of the program in exchange for a shuttle-derived HLV as this offers the possibility that shuttle related employment in their states could be maintained.

11:45 am: News briefs... Scaled is growing: Spaceship firm to expand: Rutan to add hangar, about 70 employees - L.A. Daily News - Mar.13.05 ...

... Taylor Dinerman suggests that a single organization should be set up to coordinate US government space access R&D: Time for a space access organization? - The Space Review - Mar.14.05. (Note that Griffin may revitalize RLV efforts at NASA since he is quite knowledgeable about why the X-33 and X-34 programs failed.) ...

... Yet another article claiming that a crewed orbital vehicle (pun intended) is currently far beyond the capability of private space developers: The Vision for Space Exploration needs transformational technology by Eric R. Hedman - The Space Review - Mar.14.05. We will see. ...

... Here's another version of the AP article about Blue Origin and West Texas: Space dreams boost tiny Texas town: Amazon.com founder wants to use ranch as spaceport - MSNBC/AP - Mar.13.05

1:35 am: News briefs... Henry Vanderbilt, chief of the Space Access Society, will be on a special edition of The Space Show this evening 7-8:30 pm (Pacific Time). They will discuss the Space Access '05 Conference, which will take place this April 28-30 in Phoenix, and, I'm sure, a range of topics dealing with the question of how to lower the cost of access to space. Connection info.

March 13, 2005

1:15 pm: News briefs... Here's a long article in praise of Burt Rutan and private space development: The starship enterprise - Sunday Times - Mar.13.05 (via spacetoday.net) ...

... While looking for Mike Massee's pictures of the ATV, I found these photo sets of the SS1 flights:

... This seems like another one of those - let's do something just to show we are doing something - kind of bureaucratic bungles: Launch schedule off Web - SantaMariaTimes - Mar.13.05 (via spacetoday.net) ...

... More kudos for Griffin: Griffin can 'get the job done' for NASA: Colleagues laud nominee's ability - Florida Today - Mar.13.05 ...

... Florida Today supports the RtF: 6 reasons why the shuttle's return to space is vital to human exploration of the moon and Mars - Florida Today - Mar.13.05

2:50 am: News briefs... The old Rotary Rocket hangar has a new tenant so the ATV has been moved out and there will be another attempt to move it to the Classic Rotors museum: This Week at Mojave - Alan's Mojave Airport Weblog - Mar.12.05. See Mike Massee's photo record of what happened the last time they tried to fly it out by helicopter ...

... More about the impact of Jeff Bezos and Blue Origin on West Texas: Amazon.com founder's space venture has West Texas county abuzz - DentonRC.com(Texas)/AP - Mar.12.05 (via spacetoday.net) ...

... Michael Griffin has the endorsement of Pete Worden, who was a favorite candidate of many alt.spacers: Former NASA Exploration Chief Gets Nod as Next NASA Administrator - Space.com - Mar.11.05. A range of space advocacy groups, including Space Frontier Foundation, the Mars Society, and the National Space Society, have praised the selection of Griffin.

2:50 am: A Japan and Euro scan... Surveying a sample of Japanese and European space sites, I came across some miscellaneous items of interest. For example, here is an innovative hybrid engine powered sounding rocket in development in Japan: Hybrid Rocket 'C